Panama

Greetings are typically warm, often involving a single kiss on the cheek among friends or a polite handshake.

Punctuality is often flexible in social settings, though business meetings are generally expected to start on time.

Dress code is generally casual but modest in formal public offices or churches; avoid wearing beachwear away from the shore.

Tipping is customary in restaurants, with 10% being the standard amount for good service.

Speaking Spanish is appreciated; learning a few basic phrases goes a long way in showing respect to the locals.

Refrain from discussing sensitive political topics until you have built a comfortable rapport with your hosts.

Use reputable taxi apps or hotel-arranged transport rather than hailing unmarked street taxis at night.

Avoid carrying large amounts of cash and keep valuables, such as jewelry or cameras, hidden while walking in crowded areas.

Stick to well-lit, populated tourist zones in Panama City, such as Casco Viejo or parts of the Cinta Costera.

Exercise caution when swimming in the ocean, as rip currents can be strong, especially on the Pacific coast.

Only drink bottled or filtered water in remote areas, as tap water quality can vary outside of Panama City.

Be aware of your surroundings and keep your belongings close in busy areas like Albrook Mall or transit hubs.